Female pelvis | Museum of Anatomy and Pathology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal

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Female pelvis

This specimen shows the sagittal section of the female pelvis.

The female pelvis consists of organs such as the urinary bladder, the urethra, the uterus, the rectum and the anal canal. Other structures such as the cervix, the vagina, the distal parts of the ureters along with the blood vessels and the nerves are also present within the pelvis.

Urinary bladder:

The urinary bladder is a muscular bag that temporarily stores urine. It is located in the lesser pelvis behind the pubic symphysis. An empty urinary bladder is tetrahedral in shape. The ureters open into the posterior aspect of the urinary bladder. The neck of the urinary bladder is directed downwards and becomes continuous with the urethra at the internal urethral orifice.

Rectum:

The rectum is the terminal portion of the gastrointestinal tract. In females, it is related to the uterus and the cervix anteriorly and to the sacrum and coccyx posteriorly. It is very prone for hemorrhoids.

Anal canal:

The anal canal is the terminal part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is 3.8 centimeters long. The anal canal is more prone for hemorrhoids.

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In this specimen we can see the female reproductive system along with the blood vessels. The female reproductive system consists of the uterus, the vagina, the fallopian tubes and the ovaries. The uterus is a thick-walled, muscular organ situated in the pelvis between the urinary bladder and the rectum. The broad ligaments are lateral. It is divisible into the fundus, the body and the cervix. It has three layers in its wall, namely the endometrium, the myometrium and the perimetrium from inside outwards. A uterine cavity is seen within the uterus. This continues with the canal of the cervix through an opening known as the internal os. The canal of the cervix continues with the vaginal cavity by an opening known as the external os.

The uterine tubes are attached to the upper part of the body of the uterus and their ostia open into the uterine cavity. The medial opening of the tube (the uterine os) is located at the superior angle of the uterine cavity. The tube passes laterally and superiorly and consists of four main parts, namely, the intramural part, the isthmus, the ampulla and the infundibulum.

In the adult non-pregnant state, the ovaries lie on each side of the uterus close to the lateral pelvic wall, suspended in the pelvic cavity by a double fold of peritoneum, the mesovarium, which is attached to the upper limit of the posterior aspect of the broad uterine ligament. They are dull white in colour and consist of dense fibrous tissue in which the ova are embedded.

The arterial supply to the uterus comes from the uterine artery. This artery arises as a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery.

Features

Uterus (UTS)

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Urinary Bladder (UB)

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Rectum (REC)

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Female pelvis

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